Genome analysis of four bacteria from diverse genera predicted many genes involved in the bacterial PGP activity. An increased shoot dry weight of 4-29% in ERMR1:05 and ERMR1:04, and root dry weight of 42-98% was found in all the treatments. Plant-based bioassays revealed an enhancement of shoot length by 21, 22, and 13% in ERGS5:01, ERMR1:04, and ERMR1:05, and root length by 14, 17, 11, and 22% in ERGS4:06, ERGS5:01, ERMR1:04, and ERMR1:05 treated seeds respectively. ![]() ![]() Fifty-two isolates showed many in vitro PGP activities of phosphate solubilization (9-100 µg/mL), siderophore production (0.3-100 psu) and phytohormone indole acetic acid production (0.3-139 µg/mL) at 10 ☌. A total of 120 bacterial isolates affiliated to Gammaproteobacteria (53.33%), Bacteroidetes (16.66%), Actinobacteria (15.83%), Betaproteobacteria (6.66%), Alphaproteobacteria (4.16%), and Firmicutes (3.33%) were recovered. With this perspective, the cultivable bacterial diversity was documented from the East Rathong glacier ecosystem lying above 3900 masl of Sikkim Himalaya. Cold-adapted glacier bacteria with plant growth-promoting (PGP) properties may prove significant in developing cold-active biofertilizers for improving mountain agriculture. Owing to the polyadaptational attributes, the strains ERGC3:01 and ERGC3:05 could be most promising for bioprospection.Ĭommercial biofertilizers tend to be ineffective in cold mountainous regions due to reduced metabolic activity of the microbial inoculants under low temperatures. Further, the bacterial strains produced two or more cold-active enzymes in plate-based assays. The genome-based findings revealed many cold and radiation resistance-associated genes that supported the physiological findings. Indeed the studied strains displayed significant tolerance to freezing for 96 hours compared to the mesophilic control strain, while except for four strains, seven strains exhibited noteworthy tolerance to UV-C radiations. We examined the multi-tolerance abilities of these eleven Pseudomonas strains. fluorescens (3.65%), and highest ANI value of ~99 and dDDH value of 91.2 of the representative strains with P. This was further supported by the lesser mean genetic distances with P. So, we conducted multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using five housekeeping genes, which concluded the taxonomic assignment of these strains to Pseudomonas antarctica. Being one of the most complex and diverse genera, deciphering the correct taxonomy of Pseudomonas species has always been challenging. In the current study, we obtained eleven strains of Pseudomonas from the East Rathong supraglacial site in Sikkim Himalaya that showed taxonomic ambiguity in terms of species affiliation. ![]() Microorganisms inhabiting the supraglacial ice are biotechnologically significant as they are equipped with unique adaptive features in response to extreme environmental conditions of high ultraviolet radiations and frequent freeze-thaw.
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